An Analysis of Imperative Sentence in “Uang Panai” Movie

This study aimed to analyzethe type and function of the Imperative sentence that appeared in “Uang Panai” Movie. The researcher applied content analysis design. The subject of this study is the characters in “Uang Panai” Movie. And the object of study was imperative sentences used by the characters in the movie. The instrument used in this study was the checklist. The researcher found 98 positive imperative sentences and 30 Negative imperative sentences. The particles used in a positive imperative sentence in Bugise Language found in Uang Panai Movie mostly the character used particle to stress the command and also the researcher found that in Bugise imperative there are using Ko and Ki to represent you but Ki is more polite than using ko. The researcher also found 83 imperative sentences as command with the most particle used is to give emphasis to the listener to do something, 14 imperative sentence as a request with the most marker used is marker ki to represent politeness and word “tolong” and 30 imperative sentence as a prohibition used word “jangan” with mostly marker used is ko to give more stress to the listener for not to do something.


INTRODUCTION
Sentences tend to describe them as a grammatically complete unit capable of standing on their own and semantically independent Nordquist (2019). In addition to Nordquist (2019) said that based on the function, a sentence can be divided into four kinds. They are declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamative. Based on each function of the sentence has a different grammatical structure in it. For example, it is the imperative sentence. It is used to issue an order or command. It is similar to Karepouwan (2013), that stated, "imperative sentence is used to give the command, warning, advice, instruction, and request" Description Bugise Makassar is given by Muhtamar (2005) Bugis-Makassar language covers Makassar language, Bugis, Wotu, and Toala. Bugis ethnic covers some territories: Bulukumba, Sinjai, Bone, Soppeng, Wajo, Luwu, Sidenreng Rappang, Pinrang, Pare-pare, Barru, Pangkaje'ne Island, and Maros. Conversely, Makassar ethnic covers some territories: Makassar, Gowa, Takalar, Jene'ponto, a half part of Bantaeng, Selayar, a half part of Maros, and a half part of Pangkep Muhtamar (2005). Considering to the local common language in South-Sulawesi and the area covered, hence that may conclude that Bugis and Makassar have similarities in the language used. Bugise Makassar is an ethnic language in Indonesia. Bugisee Makassar is spoken by Bugisee ethnic society, especially in Makassar. They used this language in their daily conversation besides Indonesia language to communicate with each other.
The imperative sentence in Bugise is used to give the command, request, permission, advise invitation, prohibition, compulsion, and warning which quite similar with English language. According to Hanan (2015), Makassar dialect is a dialect used in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi province. Beside in Makassar city as center of Makassar dialect, The makassar dialect also used as a communication tool by people in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. Makassar dialect has its own characteristics from the morphological, phonological, lexical, syntactic and semantic elements. According to Mantasia 2017; Based on the intention that is supported by the intonation of the speaker, the Imperative sentence can be divided into three Function.

Imperative Sentence as Command
According to Jackson (2002) The command is given when there is power different between speaker and listener, the speaker has an authority to command the listener to do something. And in Makassar dialect, there are some particles and markers that commonly use in Bugise imperative sentence as an emphasis. Example: a. Open the door! (Bukaipintu) b. Makan mi dulu! (Just eat)

Imperative Sentence as Request
Actually imperative sentence as a request is quite the same with the command, but it is more polite. A request is an intention of the speaker, so that the listener does something. In Bugise it is strengthened by Mantasih (2017) that stated the suffix -ki imperative in the context of Bugise language is considered very polite compared to using the word ko. Examples: a. Have a drink (Minumki') b. Have a sit! (Duduk ki')

Imperative Sentence as Prohibition
The imperative sentence as prohibition is quite same with imperative negative because to form imperative as prohibiton start from word "Jangan" or prohibit adresse to do something Jackson (2002). Example: a. Dont go there! (Jangankokesana) b. Dont give up! (Jangankomenyerah) According to Nordquist (2017) there are two types of Imperative Sentence, they are: Hornby (1976) writes positive imperative sentence can be expressed in various ways, the verbs command, invite, request, giving advice to the addressee. Commonly in imperative sentence, it is unnecessary to indicate the subject because the second person of the address is directly understood. In Addition Frank (1972) stated Positive imperative sentence is the command sentence that contents the positive command or request. Positive imperative sentence is all of the imperative sentence except the negative imperative sentence. If in the imperative sentence no verb, it ishave to add with be.

Positive Imperative Sentence
Examples: a. Sini ko! ( Come here! ) b. Sana ko (Go away!) c. In Bugise to form positive imperative sentence, the word 'ko!" is used to represent ""Be …" that followed by an adjective, adverb, or noun. And "ko" is use when talking informally and "ki" is use when talking formal. According to Mantasiah (2017) Suffixki in Bugise imperative markers meaning implies, in a cultural context Bugise, is considered very polite compared to using the word ko.

2.
Negative Imperative Sentence The statement about negative imperative sentence comes from Aikhenvald (2014),"negative imperative implies trying to make someone not do something, having the effectof forbidding, preventing, or excluding; preventative or restricyive of something. Drummand, (1972) also stated It is always signaled by the marker don't or don't be before an imperative sentence. Negative imperative sentence is the command sentence which is prohibit. Negative imperative sentence adding with don't in the beginning of the sentence. If in the negative imperative sentence no verb, we have to add with be. According to Hall (1992) "the negative imperative sentence is introduced by don't". For examples: a

. Don't make a noise! (Jangankobersuara! ) b. Don't open the window! ( Jangankobukaijendela'e! )
In Bugise To form negative imperative sentence, the word 'Jangan ko/ki" is used to represent "don't" or "Don't you and "no" that followed by infinitive verb and/or gerund. And "ko" is use when talking informally and "ki" is use when talking formal Mantasiah (2017). In this research subject, the Researcher think that this research is interesting tostudy, because as it is known that most of the aspect in our life using English terminology. Moreover, imperative sentence is one of the discussions in the grammar field. When the students or the people study English as a foreign language, they will know the imperative sentence, utilized for what the sentence, and what else the marker of the sentence.As Indonesian people who the majority using Bugise language in their daily life is also important to study that. Because in Bugise language is also have imperative sentence that also has the functions that quite same with the imperative sentence in English.By concentrate both of this language, it can increase our knowledge about the differences of many languages, not only on the language that it is used in everyday but also on the language that it is studied and it is not usedregularly.

METHODS
This research useda qualitative approach: a content analysis. The researcher chooses qualitative approach for the study. Creswell (2014) states that qualitative approach is the most appropriate approach to be used in research with unidentified variables. The objective of the research is to identify the types and function of the imperative sentence; hence qualitative approach suited the research.
Qualitative research is carried out through intense and/ or prolonged contact with participants to determine naturalistic to talk about daily life and/ or extraordinary personal life, groups, community and organizations. These practices change the world. They turned the world into a series of representations, including field notes, interviews, conversations, photos, recordings and memos for themselves. At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the subject problem. accordingly, this study was designed to exploreimperative sentences used by the Bugis people in "Uang Panai" movie.
The object of this study was "Uang Panai" Movie. The subjects of this study are the characters in "Uang Panai" Movie. Then, the object of the study was "Uang Panai Movie and the imperative sentences used by the characters in the movie. The reason why the researcher use "Uang Panai" Movie as the object is this movie was originally made by Bugis film community and used Bugis language for the whole film. Considering the focus of the study that takes Bugis imperative sentences as the examined object, this movie provided adequate data for investigation. Moreover, this movie also had been very popular with ethnic-based movies.
The researcher arises Bugis language as the study concerns due to cultural sustainability. The researcher, as one of Bugis young generation, would like expand Bugis language and introduce it to the world. The reason the researcher choose the research subject is the subject is Bugis people. There are some informants' native speakers of Bugis that was to observed by the researcher. It is common used by linguist in doing the same research.
In this study, the data is imperative sentences used by the characters of "Uang Panai" Movie. Meanwhile, the data source is the "Uang Panai" movie. And also This study is qualitative, thus the researcher himself as the primary instrument. The qualitative study cannot be separated from the researcher's role because the researcher setting is determined by the researcher himself. In addition, the researcher needs language knowledge, especially the theory of an Imperative Sentence as it becomesan important point in the success of the study. To collect the data, the researcher usesa checklist as the research instrument. Qualitative data is useful when the data collected from the same setting need to be supplemented, validated.
To collect the data, the researcher carried out the following steps: 1. Prepare the script of "Uang Panai" Movie then constructs the checklist for analyzing imperative sentences based on theories and then reads thoroughly the script and sort out the imperative sentences based on their types in the checklist prepared and then make a database of imperative sentences found in "Uang Panai" Movie for further analysis. As previously mentioned, this study is to investigate what are the types and functions of imperative sentence "Uang Panai" Movie.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The purpose of this study was to know what imperative sentences in Bugise language that used in Uang Panai movie. An imperative sentence is a sentence, which is contained commands, requests, prohibitions, and soon addressed by the speaker to the addressee in order to do something. Imperative sentences are generally terminated with an exclamation mark instead of a period. Imperative sentences in Bugise are divided in two kinds;they are a positive imperative sentence and negative imperative sentences. Bugise language also has an imperative sentence in positive and negative form Faisal (2011). Karepouwan (2013) writes a positive imperative sentence can be expressed in various ways, the verbs command, request, to the addressee. Commonly in the imperative sentence, it is unnecessary to indicate the subject because the second person of the address is directly understood. On the other side according toDyah (2012) Negative imperative sentence is an imperative sentence that provides a request or suggestion not to do something or prohibition by the speaker to the addressee. It is always signaled by the marker "Jangan" (Don't) before an imperative sentence.
In this study, the researcher found 98 positive imperative sentences and 30 Negative imperative sentences. The particles used in a positive imperative sentence in Bugis Language found in Uang Panai Movie are13 sentence that use particle -mi and 4 sentence using particle -mo, 9 sentence using particle Ki, 14 sentence using Ko as represent you but informally, 9 sentence using ki' to represent you but more polite than ko. And 5 using particle na as emphasis to order someone to do something. 5 sentence that using ka to represent me, 2 Sentence use Particle Ma to represent first person (Person who speaking). And also the researcher found that in Bugise imperative there are using Ko and Ki to represent you but Ki are more polite than using ko. This finding is confirmed by Theory by Mantasiah (2017) Meanwhile, in negative imperative sentences, the researcher found that the movie characters used the word "Jangan" that followed by marker ko and ki' to state negative imperative sentences. This is also confirmed by Hall (1981) Theory.
There are some functions of the imperative sentence in English such as imperative sentence as commands, imperative sentence as request, imperative sentence as an invitation, the imperative sentence as a suggestion, imperative sentence as advice, and imperative sentence as a warning. According to Fadillah (2017) the Imperative sentence can be divided into three functions, namely (1) the command sentence, (2) the Request sentence, and (3) the sentence prohibition.
In Bugise, the command imperative sentence is given when there is a power difference between speaker and listener, the speaker has an authority to command the listener to do something in this study the researcher found that there are some particle and marker dan used in Imperative as a command that divided into 4 markers ka, 14 markers ko, 13 particle mi, 3 particle na, and 2 particle ma, 4 Particle mo While a request, an imperative sentence is used as an intention of the speaker, so that the listener does something. Actually imperative sentence as a request is quite the same as the command, but request is more polite than command the researcher found in his study 14 Imperative sentence as a request that uses by marker ki and word tolong Vol. 4,No. 3

192
which means polite so the researcher classified to imperative sentence as a request confirmed by Mantasiah (2017).
The imperative sentence as prohibition is quite same with imperative negative because to form imperative as prohibition start from word "Jangan" or prohibit addressee to do something in this study the researcher found there are 29 Imperative sentences as prohibition that divide into 15 with marker ko, and 9 with marker ki and 6 with no markers or particle that used in Imperative sentence as prohibition confirmed by Frank (1972) theory.

Types of imperative sentence used by Bugise people in Uang Panai Movie
There are two types of imperative sentence, positive and negative. Example: a. Positive imperative sentence The positive imperative sentence is featured with positive sentence, without using negative words, such as NO and DON'T. In Bugis Language, the positive imperative sentences are feature with particle,mi,mo,na and also there are some markesrs that use in Bugise languange that is markers, ko, ki', ka, ma.

Particle -Mi
"Mi" particle is the as true identity of Makassar dialect, Mi can be meaning as "lah" "just" "already". Example:

Tumming:
Sudahmi, Kita Dorong mi saja. (SC2.L5-L7) In the dialogue above, particle mi is used to emphasize Tumming's positive command toward Abu to push the motorcycle because it is broken down.

Particle -Mo
At first, the use of mo particles is the same as the mi particles. its use also sometimes replace each other. the difference only lies in the meaning of mi which states lah. mo particles don't carry lah. Example: Vol. 4,No.  From the dialogue above, Particle mo used by Abu to represent just and give Emphasize to give positive imperative to Tumming to used the knife because he is too lazy to go get the knife.

Particle -Na
na particle expresses the meaning of affirmation ya. the difference is with the di particle which also contains the meaning of ya in the specificity of the meaning of ya in the particle di. the meaning of ya on the particle na does not seem to contain the implied purpose as in the meaning of ya in particle di. Example : From the dialogue above, Partice na is used to give as affirmation ya! And give emphasize to Abu to wait because Risna want to make a call to her home.

Markers -Ko
Pronouns persona ko and ki are personal pronouns II. the ko form is used for people who are the same age or younger and the ki form is used for older people or new people or respected people. the form ko is the short form of word Kamu and the form ki is the short form of word kita. Example:

Ancha:
Mana pisau? ( Tumming menyuruh Abu mengambil pisau) Tumming: Woipigisai ko ambil pisau lakuttu! Abu: Ndako liat ini si bukka, ini mi nu pake From the dialogue above, The marker ki on negative imperative is used to represent "you" but more polite, Ancha's Father to tell Ancha to not forget about the culture.

CONCLUSION
Based on the result of the data process that has been described in the previous chapters about imperative sentences in Uang Panai Movie, finally, the researcher wants to conclude this study as follows: 1. There are two kinds of Imperative sentences in Bugise that used in Uang Panai Movie; they are positive imperative sentences 97 found in this study and negative imperative sentences 30 found in this study. 2. Imperative sentences of Bugise that used in Uang Panai Movie has some functions, they are The imperative sentence as commands 83 found in this study,the imperative sentence as request 14 found in this study, the imperative sentence as prohibition 30 found in this study.