A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SÃKỌ́ AND NÃÃNLà AS OCCURRING IN IFẸ̀ DIALECT AND THEIR VARIANTS, NÌKỌ́ AND NÌLà IN STANDARD YORÙBà LANGUAGE
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Keywords:
feature stability, syllabicity, grammaticalization, extension phrasal interaction and decategorization.
Abstract
This study focuses on the descriptive modeling of Chomskyan linguistic analysis on sÃkọ́ and nÃÃnlá as occurring in Ife dialect of Yoruba language in variance with nÌkọ́ and nlá in the standard Yoruba. We argue that the basic form of nÌ in nÌlá and nÌkọ́ is Ãn which is still traceable through sÃkọ́ or sÃnkọ́ and nÃÃnlá in IfeÌ£ dialect of Yorubá language. We present the basic phonetic features of Ãn as in: vowel, high, syllabic, nasal and front. The lost of vowel, front and high features produces the orthographical representation of n in nÌlá and nÌkoÌ£ in the standard Yoruba. Our findings therefore, serve as a solution to one of the fundamental issues in the grammar of Yoruba language which intuitively does not allow consonant cluster in syllabic formation. The language basically does not endorse a high tone to be the first syllable of a word with VCV sequence.
Keywords: feature stability, syllabicity, grammaticalization, extension phrasal interaction and decategorization.
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References
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Adékúnlé, M. A. (2003). “The Incidence of Consonants Syllabicity in Yoruba Revisitedâ€. IHMFA. Journal of African Studies. Department of African and Asian Studies, University of Lagos Nigeria 5: 101 – 111.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2005). “Ife Pronoun in Generative Phonologyâ€. Oye: Ogun Journal of Arts, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye xi : 1 – 18.
Adekunle, M. A. (2018a). “Àwá»n Àbùdá Àdánà Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. 13 : 65 – 114.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2018b). “FÃfi ojú ìmá»Ì€ Ẹ̀dá-èdè á¹£e à túpalẹ̀ ÃŒyÃsódì nÃnú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, ỌlábÃsà Ọnà bánjá» University, Agá»-Iwoye, Ogun State.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (1996). "Ifẹ Pronouns in Polylectal Grammarâ€. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Literatures 2 : 56 – 63.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (2011). “Àtúnyẹ̀wò Aropo-Orúká» nÃnú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Láà ngbà sà : Jọ̀nà Iṣẹ́ Akadá nà Èdè Yorùbá. Department of African and Asian Studies. University of Lagos. Pp 4 – 13.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (2018a). "Oyèlárà n and the localist on the sources of the Yorùbá Progressiveâ€. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. Pp 56 – 64.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (2018b). “Ọ̀rọ̀-orúká» Aṣèbéèrè nÃnú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature, 12 : 42 – 51.
Awobuluyi, O. and Oyèlárà n, O. (2017). Iwe Ilewo Iowe Yoruba Ode –oni. Ilorin: Kwara State University Press.
Awobuluyi, O. (1998). “Awon Eka Ede Yorubaâ€. Paper Presented at Annual Conference of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria (YSAN) held in Ibadan Pastoral Institute. Ibadan November 24 -26.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). “How the Past Influences the Presentâ€, Yorùbá: A Language in Transition. OÌ£dúnjá» Memorial Lecture Series. 1 : 1 – 28. Lagos: J. F. OÌ£dúnjá» Memorial Lectures.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). Yoruba : A Language in Transition. Ibadan. Odunjo Memorial Lecture.
Bámgbósé, A. (1990). “Fonọ́lọ́jì à ti GÃrámà Yorùbá. Ibadan: University Press.
Bernd, H. and H. Narrog (2012). “Grammaticalization and Linguistics Analysisâ€, pp. 401 – 423. In Narrog, H. and H. Bernd (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Linguistics Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bynon, T. (1996). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
Courney, K. R. (1968). A Generative Phonology of Yorubaâ€. Unpublished Ph. D Dissertation, University of California, Los Angelis.
Goldsmith, J. (1976). “An Overview of Auto-Segmental Phonologyâ€. Linguistic Analysis 2 (1) : 23 – 68.
Goldsmith, J. (1990). Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Haspelmath, M. (1999). “Why Grammaticalization Irreversible?†Linguistics. 37 : 1043 – 1068.
ÃŒkọ̀tún, R. (2017). “Pronouns in Ijẹṣa Dialectâ€, Inquiry in Languages and Literatures. 10 : 1 – 14. Department of Linguistics and Language. Adékúnlé Ajásin University, Ãkùngbá-Akókó, Ã’ndó State.
Ã’gúnsÃnà , B. A. (1972). “The Phonology of Ifẹ̀ Dialectâ€. Unpublished B. A. Long Essay, Department of Linguistics and African Languages, University of Ibà dà n, Ibà dà n.
Olówóòkéré, E. T. (1980). “Negation in Yorùbáâ€. Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ifẹ̀, Nigeria.
OwólabÃ, K. (2011). Fònẹ́tÃìkì à ti Fonọ́lọ́jì èdè Yorùbá. Ibà dà n: Akadá Publishers.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1992). “Phonology IIâ€, Ore Yusuf (Ed.) Introduction to Linguistics, Ilorin: University of Ilorin Press.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1998). A Course in Phonology. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Oyèlárà n, O. (1976). “Towards a Yorùbá Standardâ€, Yorùbá: A Journal of the Yorùbá Studies Association of Nigeria, 2 : 1 – 22.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of Syllabic Nasal in Yorubaâ€. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. University of Ife Seminar Series on Mondey May 16, 1983.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1987). Ona Kan Ko Woja: Mofologi Yorubaâ€. Yoruba: Journal of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria. 1: 25 – 44.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1987), “Theoretical Implications of the Sources of the Syllabic Nasal in Yorubaâ€. Mimeo.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of the Syllabic Nasal in Yorùbáâ€. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. Ã’Ì£báfémi Awólọ́wọ̀ University, Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nigeria on 16th May, 1983.
Owolabi, K. (1989). Ijinle Itupale Ede… Fonetiki ati Fonology. Ibadan : Onibon –Oje Press.
Pulleyblank, D. (1986). Tona in Lexical Phonology. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Pulleyblank, D. (1988). “Vocalic Underspecification in Yorubaâ€. Linguistic Inquiry. 19 : 233 -270.
Traugott, E. C. (2012). “Grammaticalization and Mechanisms of Changeâ€. In Narrog, H. and H. Bernd (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Pp. 19 – 30. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press.
Yusuf O. (1999). Girama Yoruba Akotun ni Ilana Isipaya Onidaro. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2003). “The Incidence of Consonants Syllabicity in Yoruba Revisitedâ€. IHMFA. Journal of African Studies. Department of African and Asian Studies, University of Lagos Nigeria 5: 101 – 111.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2005). “Ife Pronoun in Generative Phonologyâ€. Oye: Ogun Journal of Arts, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye xi : 1 – 18.
Adekunle, M. A. (2018a). “Àwá»n Àbùdá Àdánà Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. 13 : 65 – 114.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2018b). “FÃfi ojú ìmá»Ì€ Ẹ̀dá-èdè á¹£e à túpalẹ̀ ÃŒyÃsódì nÃnú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, ỌlábÃsà Ọnà bánjá» University, Agá»-Iwoye, Ogun State.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (1996). "Ifẹ Pronouns in Polylectal Grammarâ€. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Literatures 2 : 56 – 63.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (2011). “Àtúnyẹ̀wò Aropo-Orúká» nÃnú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Láà ngbà sà : Jọ̀nà Iṣẹ́ Akadá nà Èdè Yorùbá. Department of African and Asian Studies. University of Lagos. Pp 4 – 13.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (2018a). "Oyèlárà n and the localist on the sources of the Yorùbá Progressiveâ€. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. Pp 56 – 64.
Adéwá»lé, L. O. (2018b). “Ọ̀rọ̀-orúká» Aṣèbéèrè nÃnú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀â€. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature, 12 : 42 – 51.
Awobuluyi, O. and Oyèlárà n, O. (2017). Iwe Ilewo Iowe Yoruba Ode –oni. Ilorin: Kwara State University Press.
Awobuluyi, O. (1998). “Awon Eka Ede Yorubaâ€. Paper Presented at Annual Conference of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria (YSAN) held in Ibadan Pastoral Institute. Ibadan November 24 -26.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). “How the Past Influences the Presentâ€, Yorùbá: A Language in Transition. OÌ£dúnjá» Memorial Lecture Series. 1 : 1 – 28. Lagos: J. F. OÌ£dúnjá» Memorial Lectures.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). Yoruba : A Language in Transition. Ibadan. Odunjo Memorial Lecture.
Bámgbósé, A. (1990). “Fonọ́lọ́jì à ti GÃrámà Yorùbá. Ibadan: University Press.
Bernd, H. and H. Narrog (2012). “Grammaticalization and Linguistics Analysisâ€, pp. 401 – 423. In Narrog, H. and H. Bernd (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Linguistics Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bynon, T. (1996). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
Courney, K. R. (1968). A Generative Phonology of Yorubaâ€. Unpublished Ph. D Dissertation, University of California, Los Angelis.
Goldsmith, J. (1976). “An Overview of Auto-Segmental Phonologyâ€. Linguistic Analysis 2 (1) : 23 – 68.
Goldsmith, J. (1990). Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Haspelmath, M. (1999). “Why Grammaticalization Irreversible?†Linguistics. 37 : 1043 – 1068.
ÃŒkọ̀tún, R. (2017). “Pronouns in Ijẹṣa Dialectâ€, Inquiry in Languages and Literatures. 10 : 1 – 14. Department of Linguistics and Language. Adékúnlé Ajásin University, Ãkùngbá-Akókó, Ã’ndó State.
Ã’gúnsÃnà , B. A. (1972). “The Phonology of Ifẹ̀ Dialectâ€. Unpublished B. A. Long Essay, Department of Linguistics and African Languages, University of Ibà dà n, Ibà dà n.
Olówóòkéré, E. T. (1980). “Negation in Yorùbáâ€. Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ifẹ̀, Nigeria.
OwólabÃ, K. (2011). Fònẹ́tÃìkì à ti Fonọ́lọ́jì èdè Yorùbá. Ibà dà n: Akadá Publishers.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1992). “Phonology IIâ€, Ore Yusuf (Ed.) Introduction to Linguistics, Ilorin: University of Ilorin Press.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1998). A Course in Phonology. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Oyèlárà n, O. (1976). “Towards a Yorùbá Standardâ€, Yorùbá: A Journal of the Yorùbá Studies Association of Nigeria, 2 : 1 – 22.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of Syllabic Nasal in Yorubaâ€. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. University of Ife Seminar Series on Mondey May 16, 1983.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1987). Ona Kan Ko Woja: Mofologi Yorubaâ€. Yoruba: Journal of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria. 1: 25 – 44.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1987), “Theoretical Implications of the Sources of the Syllabic Nasal in Yorubaâ€. Mimeo.
Oyèlárà n, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of the Syllabic Nasal in Yorùbáâ€. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. Ã’Ì£báfémi Awólọ́wọ̀ University, Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nigeria on 16th May, 1983.
Owolabi, K. (1989). Ijinle Itupale Ede… Fonetiki ati Fonology. Ibadan : Onibon –Oje Press.
Pulleyblank, D. (1986). Tona in Lexical Phonology. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Pulleyblank, D. (1988). “Vocalic Underspecification in Yorubaâ€. Linguistic Inquiry. 19 : 233 -270.
Traugott, E. C. (2012). “Grammaticalization and Mechanisms of Changeâ€. In Narrog, H. and H. Bernd (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Pp. 19 – 30. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press.
Yusuf O. (1999). Girama Yoruba Akotun ni Ilana Isipaya Onidaro. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Published
2023-05-28
How to Cite
Adekunle, M. A. (2023). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SÃKỌ́ AND NÃÃNLà AS OCCURRING IN IFẸ̀ DIALECT AND THEIR VARIANTS, NÌKỌ́ AND NÌLà IN STANDARD YORÙBà LANGUAGE. IJOTL-TL: Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics, 8(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.30957/ijoltl.v8i2.730
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