A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SÍKỌ́ AND NÍÍNLÁ AS OCCURRING IN IFẸ̀ DIALECT AND THEIR VARIANTS, ŃKỌ́ AND ŃLÁ IN STANDARD YORÙBÁ LANGUAGE
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Keywords:
feature stability, syllabicity, grammaticalization, extension phrasal interaction and decategorization.
Abstract
This study focuses on the descriptive modeling of Chomskyan linguistic analysis on síkọ́ and níínlá as occurring in Ife dialect of Yoruba language in variance with ńkọ́ and nlá in the standard Yoruba. We argue that the basic form of ń in ńlá and ńkọ́ is ín which is still traceable through síkọ́ or sínkọ́ and níínlá in Ifẹ dialect of Yorubá language. We present the basic phonetic features of ín as in: vowel, high, syllabic, nasal and front. The lost of vowel, front and high features produces the orthographical representation of n in ńlá and ńkọ in the standard Yoruba. Our findings therefore, serve as a solution to one of the fundamental issues in the grammar of Yoruba language which intuitively does not allow consonant cluster in syllabic formation. The language basically does not endorse a high tone to be the first syllable of a word with VCV sequence.
Keywords: feature stability, syllabicity, grammaticalization, extension phrasal interaction and decategorization.
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References
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Adékúnlé, M. A. (2003). “The Incidence of Consonants Syllabicity in Yoruba Revisited”. IHMFA. Journal of African Studies. Department of African and Asian Studies, University of Lagos Nigeria 5: 101 – 111.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2005). “Ife Pronoun in Generative Phonology”. Oye: Ogun Journal of Arts, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye xi : 1 – 18.
Adekunle, M. A. (2018a). “Àwọn Àbùdá Àdání Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. 13 : 65 – 114.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2018b). “Fífi ojú ìmọ̀ Ẹ̀dá-èdè ṣe àtúpalẹ̀ Ìyísódì nínú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, Ọlábísí Ọnàbánjọ University, Agọ-Iwoye, Ogun State.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (1996). "Ifẹ Pronouns in Polylectal Grammar”. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Literatures 2 : 56 – 63.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (2011). “Àtúnyẹ̀wò Aropo-Orúkọ nínú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Láàngbàsà: Jọ̀nà Iṣẹ́ Akadá ní Èdè Yorùbá. Department of African and Asian Studies. University of Lagos. Pp 4 – 13.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (2018a). "Oyèláràn and the localist on the sources of the Yorùbá Progressive”. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. Pp 56 – 64.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (2018b). “Ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ Aṣèbéèrè nínú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature, 12 : 42 – 51.
Awobuluyi, O. and Oyèláràn, O. (2017). Iwe Ilewo Iowe Yoruba Ode –oni. Ilorin: Kwara State University Press.
Awobuluyi, O. (1998). “Awon Eka Ede Yoruba”. Paper Presented at Annual Conference of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria (YSAN) held in Ibadan Pastoral Institute. Ibadan November 24 -26.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). “How the Past Influences the Present”, Yorùbá: A Language in Transition. Ọdúnjọ Memorial Lecture Series. 1 : 1 – 28. Lagos: J. F. Ọdúnjọ Memorial Lectures.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). Yoruba : A Language in Transition. Ibadan. Odunjo Memorial Lecture.
Bámgbósé, A. (1990). “Fonọ́lọ́jì àti Gírámà Yorùbá. Ibadan: University Press.
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Bynon, T. (1996). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
Courney, K. R. (1968). A Generative Phonology of Yoruba”. Unpublished Ph. D Dissertation, University of California, Los Angelis.
Goldsmith, J. (1976). “An Overview of Auto-Segmental Phonology”. Linguistic Analysis 2 (1) : 23 – 68.
Goldsmith, J. (1990). Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Haspelmath, M. (1999). “Why Grammaticalization Irreversible?” Linguistics. 37 : 1043 – 1068.
Ìkọ̀tún, R. (2017). “Pronouns in Ijẹṣa Dialect”, Inquiry in Languages and Literatures. 10 : 1 – 14. Department of Linguistics and Language. Adékúnlé Ajásin University, Ákùngbá-Akókó, Òndó State.
Ògúnsínà, B. A. (1972). “The Phonology of Ifẹ̀ Dialect”. Unpublished B. A. Long Essay, Department of Linguistics and African Languages, University of Ibàdàn, Ibàdàn.
Olówóòkéré, E. T. (1980). “Negation in Yorùbá”. Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ifẹ̀, Nigeria.
Owólabí, K. (2011). Fònẹ́tíìkì àti Fonọ́lọ́jì èdè Yorùbá. Ibàdàn: Akadá Publishers.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1992). “Phonology II”, Ore Yusuf (Ed.) Introduction to Linguistics, Ilorin: University of Ilorin Press.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1998). A Course in Phonology. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Oyèláràn, O. (1976). “Towards a Yorùbá Standard”, Yorùbá: A Journal of the Yorùbá Studies Association of Nigeria, 2 : 1 – 22.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of Syllabic Nasal in Yoruba”. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. University of Ife Seminar Series on Mondey May 16, 1983.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1987). Ona Kan Ko Woja: Mofologi Yoruba”. Yoruba: Journal of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria. 1: 25 – 44.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1987), “Theoretical Implications of the Sources of the Syllabic Nasal in Yoruba”. Mimeo.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of the Syllabic Nasal in Yorùbá”. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. Ọ̀báfémi Awólọ́wọ̀ University, Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nigeria on 16th May, 1983.
Owolabi, K. (1989). Ijinle Itupale Ede… Fonetiki ati Fonology. Ibadan : Onibon –Oje Press.
Pulleyblank, D. (1986). Tona in Lexical Phonology. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Pulleyblank, D. (1988). “Vocalic Underspecification in Yoruba”. Linguistic Inquiry. 19 : 233 -270.
Traugott, E. C. (2012). “Grammaticalization and Mechanisms of Change”. In Narrog, H. and H. Bernd (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Pp. 19 – 30. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press.
Yusuf O. (1999). Girama Yoruba Akotun ni Ilana Isipaya Onidaro. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2003). “The Incidence of Consonants Syllabicity in Yoruba Revisited”. IHMFA. Journal of African Studies. Department of African and Asian Studies, University of Lagos Nigeria 5: 101 – 111.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2005). “Ife Pronoun in Generative Phonology”. Oye: Ogun Journal of Arts, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye xi : 1 – 18.
Adekunle, M. A. (2018a). “Àwọn Àbùdá Àdání Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. 13 : 65 – 114.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2018b). “Fífi ojú ìmọ̀ Ẹ̀dá-èdè ṣe àtúpalẹ̀ Ìyísódì nínú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, Ọlábísí Ọnàbánjọ University, Agọ-Iwoye, Ogun State.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (1996). "Ifẹ Pronouns in Polylectal Grammar”. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Literatures 2 : 56 – 63.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (2011). “Àtúnyẹ̀wò Aropo-Orúkọ nínú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Láàngbàsà: Jọ̀nà Iṣẹ́ Akadá ní Èdè Yorùbá. Department of African and Asian Studies. University of Lagos. Pp 4 – 13.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (2018a). "Oyèláràn and the localist on the sources of the Yorùbá Progressive”. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature. Pp 56 – 64.
Adéwọlé, L. O. (2018b). “Ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ Aṣèbéèrè nínú Ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀”. Research in Yorùbá Language and Literature, 12 : 42 – 51.
Awobuluyi, O. and Oyèláràn, O. (2017). Iwe Ilewo Iowe Yoruba Ode –oni. Ilorin: Kwara State University Press.
Awobuluyi, O. (1998). “Awon Eka Ede Yoruba”. Paper Presented at Annual Conference of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria (YSAN) held in Ibadan Pastoral Institute. Ibadan November 24 -26.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). “How the Past Influences the Present”, Yorùbá: A Language in Transition. Ọdúnjọ Memorial Lecture Series. 1 : 1 – 28. Lagos: J. F. Ọdúnjọ Memorial Lectures.
Bámgbósé, A. (1986). Yoruba : A Language in Transition. Ibadan. Odunjo Memorial Lecture.
Bámgbósé, A. (1990). “Fonọ́lọ́jì àti Gírámà Yorùbá. Ibadan: University Press.
Bernd, H. and H. Narrog (2012). “Grammaticalization and Linguistics Analysis”, pp. 401 – 423. In Narrog, H. and H. Bernd (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Linguistics Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bynon, T. (1996). Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
Courney, K. R. (1968). A Generative Phonology of Yoruba”. Unpublished Ph. D Dissertation, University of California, Los Angelis.
Goldsmith, J. (1976). “An Overview of Auto-Segmental Phonology”. Linguistic Analysis 2 (1) : 23 – 68.
Goldsmith, J. (1990). Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Haspelmath, M. (1999). “Why Grammaticalization Irreversible?” Linguistics. 37 : 1043 – 1068.
Ìkọ̀tún, R. (2017). “Pronouns in Ijẹṣa Dialect”, Inquiry in Languages and Literatures. 10 : 1 – 14. Department of Linguistics and Language. Adékúnlé Ajásin University, Ákùngbá-Akókó, Òndó State.
Ògúnsínà, B. A. (1972). “The Phonology of Ifẹ̀ Dialect”. Unpublished B. A. Long Essay, Department of Linguistics and African Languages, University of Ibàdàn, Ibàdàn.
Olówóòkéré, E. T. (1980). “Negation in Yorùbá”. Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ifẹ̀, Nigeria.
Owólabí, K. (2011). Fònẹ́tíìkì àti Fonọ́lọ́jì èdè Yorùbá. Ibàdàn: Akadá Publishers.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1992). “Phonology II”, Ore Yusuf (Ed.) Introduction to Linguistics, Ilorin: University of Ilorin Press.
Oyébádé, F. O. (1998). A Course in Phonology. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Oyèláràn, O. (1976). “Towards a Yorùbá Standard”, Yorùbá: A Journal of the Yorùbá Studies Association of Nigeria, 2 : 1 – 22.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of Syllabic Nasal in Yoruba”. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. University of Ife Seminar Series on Mondey May 16, 1983.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1987). Ona Kan Ko Woja: Mofologi Yoruba”. Yoruba: Journal of the Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria. 1: 25 – 44.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1987), “Theoretical Implications of the Sources of the Syllabic Nasal in Yoruba”. Mimeo.
Oyèláràn, O. O. (1983). “Sources and Status of the Syllabic Nasal in Yorùbá”. Paper presented at the Department of African Languages and Literatures. Ọ̀báfémi Awólọ́wọ̀ University, Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nigeria on 16th May, 1983.
Owolabi, K. (1989). Ijinle Itupale Ede… Fonetiki ati Fonology. Ibadan : Onibon –Oje Press.
Pulleyblank, D. (1986). Tona in Lexical Phonology. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Pulleyblank, D. (1988). “Vocalic Underspecification in Yoruba”. Linguistic Inquiry. 19 : 233 -270.
Traugott, E. C. (2012). “Grammaticalization and Mechanisms of Change”. In Narrog, H. and H. Bernd (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Pp. 19 – 30. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press.
Yusuf O. (1999). Girama Yoruba Akotun ni Ilana Isipaya Onidaro. Ijebu-Ode. : Shebiotimo Publications.
Published
2023-05-28
How to Cite
Adekunle, M. A. (2023). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SÍKỌ́ AND NÍÍNLÁ AS OCCURRING IN IFẸ̀ DIALECT AND THEIR VARIANTS, ŃKỌ́ AND ŃLÁ IN STANDARD YORÙBÁ LANGUAGE. IJOTL-TL: Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics, 8(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.30957/ijoltl.v8i2.730
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